Абстрактная иллюстрация
Article review 2 April 2026

Молли Гриффин Уильямс: почему вера в «химический дисбаланс» мешает победить депрессию

Molly Griffin Williams: Why Believing in ‘Chemical Imbalance’ Hinders Overcoming Depression

Molly Griffin Williams: Por qué creer en el ‘desequilibrio químico’ dificulta superar la depresión

Depression is a remarkable and paradoxical condition. Unlike most physical illnesses, the effectiveness of its treatment depends directly on what the patient themselves thinks about the causes of their affliction. Consider hypothyroidism: it is entirely irrelevant how you explain the reduced functioning of your thyroid. As long as you take prescribed hormones regularly, symptoms stay under control. With psychological suffering, everything is different. How you answer the question of the nature of your depression — whether you consider it a “chemical glitch” in the brain, a natural reaction to life’s dramas, or a deep call for change — can become either the master key to healing or an insurmountable obstacle on the path to it.

The Biological Trap: How the Imbalance Theory Strips Us of Agency

Over the past decade, clinical psychology has accumulated a substantial body of evidence proving that our beliefs about depression are far from neutral. The dominant purely medical concept has turned out to be particularly harmful, strange as it may seem. Around 80% of people today firmly believe that depression arises from the notorious “chemical imbalance”, a shortage of serotonin or other neurotransmitters — despite the fact that modern science has yet to find convincing evidence of specific brain abnormalities in depression.

Belief in the biological nature of depression sabotages recovery on at least three fronts: prognostic pessimism, narrowing of therapeutic horizons, and an external locus of control that renders the patient helpless.

The British Study: Tablet or Dependency?

A recent study led by Molly Griffin Williams of University College London surveyed nearly 500 patients at British clinics who were taking antidepressants for depression and anxiety disorders.

The survey results were striking: patients who hold a biological view of their depression take medication significantly longer than those who regard their condition as a natural response to life difficulties. Nearly 40% of proponents of the biological theory had remained on antidepressants for more than two years, whereas in the alternative-beliefs group the figure was only 25%.

Moreover, “biological” patients genuinely believe they cannot cope without pills and are far less likely to try stopping them. Most interestingly: the objective severity of symptoms in both groups was identical. In other words, prolonged antidepressant use was driven not by illness severity but solely by the patients’ internal beliefs.

The Evolutionary Alternative: Depression as a Beacon

If we should abandon the stigmatising perception of depression as a biological anomaly, what model offers more hope? Evolutionary psychiatry is gaining ground today. This approach views psychological crises not as software malfunctions but as brilliantly designed adaptive mechanisms.

According to this paradigm, depression is a powerful signal from your brain that something in your current life runs counter to your well-being. Just as physical pain makes us pull our hand away from a flame, psychological pain stops us on the wrong path — whether that is a toxic relationship, a dead-end career, suppressed emotions or false life goals.

Practice shows: people who regard their depression as a “meaningful signal” rather than an irreparable brain defect achieve far greater success in treatment. They are more optimistic, perceive their crisis as temporary and do not experience exhausting shame. The realisation that your depression is not a broken brain but your own psyche calling for change may be the first and most important step toward a free and fulfilled life.

Molly Griffin Williams

Psychologist and researcher, University College London

Molly Griffin Williams is a psychologist at University College London (UCL) researching the mechanisms of personal change and the influence of mental illness beliefs on treatment outcomes.

All author reviews on PsyJournal

Best reviews of the month