Абстрактная иллюстрация
Article review 2 April 2026

Почему добрые люди чаще попадают в ловушку токсичных отношений — Яна Кесенхаймер

Yana Kesenheimer: Why Kind People Are More Likely to Fall Into the Trap of Toxic Relationships

Yana Kesenheimer: Por qué las personas amables tienen más probabilidades de caer en la trampa de las relaciones tóxicas

Yana Kesenheimer: Why Kind People Are More Likely to Fall Into the Trap of Toxic Relationships

Many of us are confident we know our type — a specific set of characteristics and values we look for in an ideal partner. Yet despite declarations about seeking honesty and reliability, we repeatedly end up in relationships with people who are entirely wrong for us. Contrary to popular belief, people with “dark” personality traits — manipulators, sadists and narcissists — often possess magnetic charm and achieve remarkable success in the early stages of romantic encounters. Why are we so inexorably drawn to “bad boys” and “bad girls”?

Psychologists traditionally identify the so-called “dark tetrad”: Machiavellianism (emotional detachment and a tendency to exploit people), narcissism (unshakeable belief in one’s own superiority), psychopathy (impulsivity and an absence of shame) and sadism (pleasure derived from inflicting pain). These traits would seem to repel, yet statistics are uncompromising. Narcissists can be incredibly charming in interviews and on dates; psychopathic traits correlate with a high frequency of sexual encounters; and in online dating women often rate men with dark traits as more attractive.

At the other end of the psychological spectrum are people with a “light” personality. They are altruistic, modest, free from egocentrism and genuinely care about others’ well-being, preferring compromise to total control.

In search of an answer as to why toxic people so often succeed in love, a research team led by Yana Kesenheimer from the Innsbruck Institute of Psychology conducted a large-scale experiment. Researchers organised a series of speed-dating events for 128 men and women. Each participant held an average of eleven three-minute meetings, rated their attraction to their interlocutors and completed tests assessing light and dark personality traits.

The metrics revealed a striking result: people with pronounced Machiavellian and sadistic traits enjoyed significantly greater dating success when their interlocutors possessed a “light” personality.

The researchers add an important clarification. Light and empathetic people do not actually like tyrants: in fact they too rate sadists negatively, but due to their character they reject them far less often than other people do.

Why does this happen? Scientists believe that sensitive people notice warning markers and dark sides in their interlocutors, but these signals paradoxically do not deter them. It is precisely a naïve belief in the best in people, innate trustingness and readiness to give everyone a chance that makes people with a light personality the primary target for abusers. Good-hearted people tend to excuse others’ shortcomings and lack a sufficient degree of suspicion.

The researchers urgently recommend that empathetic and open people pay maximum attention to their initial doubts. Giving a chance to someone who displays signs of manipulation from the very first meetings may lead to long-term destructive consequences. Unconditional trust is a wonderful quality, but in the world of romance a degree of healthy scepticism is sometimes vitally necessary.

Yana Kesenheimer

Personality and relationship researcher

Yana Kesenheimer heads the research team at the Innsbruck Institute of Psychology, specialising in interpersonal relationships and personality psychology.

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